<
Now that you're here, stay awhile and learn how the totally corrupt
scientific establishment has been giving you a royal screwing
for decades.
<
You see, there is NO physical evidence backing up the theory
of the evolution of man -- or any other living creature, for that
matter. You've all been had.
<
Conversely, sleazeball scientists at the Smithsonian, Penn
State, the University of Pennsylania, the University of California
at Berkeley -- among countless others -- have totally ignored
the physical evidence confirming the existence of man and
other large land animals during the Carboniferous Period,
a minimum of 280 million years ago, eons before Darwin's
fraudulent theory put them here.
<
I must emphasize that their deceit, deception, collusion and
conspiracy against truth was done primarily to protect their vested
interests. For nearly 27 years these scumbags have tried
to make a monkey out of me so it's nice to know -- while this book
is nearing its final chapter -- they're been proven to be disgusting
Baboons of Knowledge and Truth..
<
Sadly, some of the physical anthropologists and paleontologists who
did not dismiss the specimens discovered between coal veins
out of hand had ACTUALLY TAMPERED WITH MY EVIDENCE to give
the impression that they're nothing but rocks or concretions, which
is a crime as horrendous as those committed by the most heartless
murderers on Death Row.
<
Shame, shame! A THOUSAND TIMES SHAME!
<
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<
Taxpayers' money has been used to allow these sleazeball
scientists to pretend they've been searching for truth for
decades while all they have done is sought answers looking
deep into their old kazoo.
<
Maestro, strike up the band.
http://www.nurple.com/sideshow/
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/TightFit.jpg
< Photo, Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution
<
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<
< --> PRINT AND SAVE <---
<
EVALUATION OF A "CARBONIFEROUS HUMAN CALVARIUM FOSSIL"
<
The following re****t (below) was prepared by Lin Liangtai, a scholar
and scientist in Taipei, Taiwan. He and I never met but Liangtai was
impressed with my discoveries of petrified bones, teeth and soft
organs -- some human -- between anthracite veins in Pennsylvania.
<
He communicated with me and his honesty and sincerity came ****ning
through. So I sent him some of my specimens so he could conduct
exhaustive testing -- and, indeed, he did.
<
His results confirm -- BEYOND ALL REASONABLE DOUBT -- that
the specimens ARE petrified bones -- some human -- which provides
the physical evidence that man existed during, or even before, the
time that anthracite coal was formed.
It also proves BEYOND ALL DOUBT, that the Darwinian Theory of Man's
Evolution is a myth, as I've been insisting for more than two decades
despite the shameful, disgusting insults of the tenured fossils who
have long been protecting their bureaucratic asses..
<
Man, in almost our present form, inhabited the earth EONS before
Charles Darwin put us here.
<
My hat is off to Lin Liangtai, who has confirmed that members of the
entire Scientific Establishment are totally corrupt -- actually,
they are members of a PSEUDOSCIENTIFIC Establishment -- who have
NOT sought truth about man's origin and ancestry but have gone along
with a COLLOSAL LIE to protect their vested interests.
<
Before presenting Lin Liangtai's exhaustive re****t, here are photos
of
some of my incredible discoveries as well as my Web page which
shows, among other things, how the so-called prestigious Smithsonian
Institution has been a full and willing participant in deceit,
deception, collusion and conspiracy.
<
I might add that the petrified human calvarium and both petrified
fingers, with fingernails, were found AFTER the Web page was put
up on the Internet and has never been updated. The Web page
counter hasn't worked in at least two years and at that time had more
than 264,000 hits. I'd bet it'd be past 400,000 or 500,000 by now.
<
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<
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/manasoldemboss.gif
<
< TRUTH VS. THE MONUMENTAL LIE OF MAN'S EVOLUTION
< (Fossils -- SOME HUMAN -- Found Between Coal Veins)
<
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/OldestHumanSkull.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/ManasOldasCoal.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/Discoveries.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/MoreFossils.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/HumanBrain.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/TestResults.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/OldestTool.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/Scorpion.jpg
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/MVC-013F.JPG
<
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<
To prove they're the real McCoy:
<
< PETRIFIED FOSSILS STILL EMBEDDED IN SLATE
<
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-002S.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-003S.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-006S.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-007S.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-009S.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-010S.JPG
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/NewFossils/MVC-012S.JPG
<
Ed Conrad
Man as Old as Coal
http://www.edconrad.com
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<
< LIN LIANGTAI'S RE****T
<
(Note: To see many of the photos to which Lin Liangtai is referring,
see his original Web page at http://www.wretch.cc/blog/lin440315
<
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<
ABSTRACT
<
The author (Lin Liangtai) has examined through microscopes more
than 20 thin sections cut from "rocks" that Mr. Ed Conrad discovered
and sent to the author (Fig. 7).
<
Without exception, they are all found to be fossils, including the
subject "calvarium fossil" (Fig. 1).
<
The object is a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil for the
following
reasons:
<
(1) it contains numerous fossilized red blood cells in each thin
section that has been made from it;
<
(2) it contains fossilized dendrites and somas of brain cells;
<
(3) No other animal has an organ or body part that matches its
inner/outer shape and size;
<
(4) Its inner cavity has a capacity of at least 1,025 cc.; (5)
<
It was found between coal veins near Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania
(U.S.A.) where geological structure has been dated to be around 300
million years old.
<
The fossil's blood vessels have turned into coal, suggesting it once
existed in a coal region. Even if it did not come from the
Carboniferous age, the fact that it is fossilized and coalified would
still make it the oldest human skull cap ever found in the world.
<
In addition to the subject fossil, there are at least four other
pieces of evidence for human civilization in the Carboniferous age.
Mankind needs no more than eight thousand years to develop from a
low-tech society to a high-tech society.
<
INTRODUCTION
<
A "calvarium fossil" (fig. 1), discovered and owned by Mr. Ed Conrad
of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., has been considered for over 25
years to be just a rock, while its owner keeps maintaining that it is
a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil.
<
This article attempts to evaluate the object by answering the
following related questions in the discussion part in the following
order:
<
1=2E Is it a fossil?
<
2=2E Is it a calvarium fossil?
<
3=2E Is it a human calvarium fossil?
<
4 Is it a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil?
<
5=2E Are there evidences for human civilization in the Carboniferous
age?
<
6=2EWas there high-tech civilization in the Carboniferous age? How does
one know that?
<
7=2E Further discussion/Attempts to disprove myself .
<
A calvarium is a skull without the lower jaw/the facial parts,
whereas
a cranium refers to skull bones that enclose the brain (Ref. 1). A
calvarium could possibly contain a part of brain remains/fossil. The
specimens used in this evaluation came from the interior of the
object.
<
MATERIAL AND METHODS
<
Material A:
<
On the author's request, the owner of the "fossil" cut a small
specimen from the interior of the object, took pictures of the spot
from which the specimen was cut, and sent the specimen to the author
by post.
<
The specimen arrived in the following conditions:
<
1=2E A chunk of "fossil" about 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, and 0.5 cm
thick.
<
2=2E Three small fragments that crumbled out of the above chunk when
the
author took up the chunk to look at it for the first time. The three
fragments measure about 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.2 cm each.
<
3=2E Dozens of small grains, each measuring less than 0.2cm in any
dimension. These grains had gone loose from the chunk during its
trans****t by post and its handling by the author.
<
Above three kinds of specimens were taken to the geology department
of
National Taiwan University to be made into thin sections 1, 2 and 3
respectively in the following methods. The methods involved no
artificial staining of colors.
<
1=2E Thin section 1 (Fig. 2): Specimen 1 was cut for transverse and
longitudinal sections, which were then ground and mounted onto a
glass
slide, namely thin section 1. One third of Specimen 1 was left from
the process of making the thin section (Fig. 2-1).
<
2=2E Thin section 2 (Fig. 2-2): Fragments of Specimen 2 were cut,
ground
and mounted onto a glass slide. As this thin section was made too
thick for light to penetrate, it was not much used in this study.
<
3=2E Thin section 3 (fig. 2-3) : Small grains from Specimen 3 were
placed in a mold that glued them firmly together, ground to a
thickness of about 0.03 mm, and then mounted to a glass slide, namely
thin section 3.
Thin section 1 and 3 were viewed through a microscope in transmitted
light and photographed with a camera (Canon model EOS 350D).
<
Material B: the "calvarium fossil"
<
The author asked the owner of the "fossil" to measure the object and
got the following data:
<
Outer dimensions of the object: 22.8 cm (maximum length) by 17.8 cm
(maximum width) by 13.3 cm (maximum height)
<
The owner advised the author that on the top side of the object,
there
seems to be a 6-mm-thick coating of foreign substance. To be on the
safe side, the author subtracts twice that thickness-6mm x 2-from the
above outer length , outer width, and subtracts 6 mm from its
exterior
maximum height. Hence, the following figures are obtained and used
for
calculating its cranial capacity:
<
Outer dimensions: 21.6 cm (Length) by 16.6 cm (Width) by 12.7 cm
(Height)
<
Inner cavity dimensions: 15.9 cm (maximum length) by 10.8 cm (maximum
width) by 11.4 cm (maximum depth/height)
<
Based on the above data, the author calculated the cranial capacity
of
the object as follows:
<
1=2E Lee Pearson Formula, given by Williams et al (1995) and Manjunath
(2002b) (ref. 2).
<
For males: 0.000337 x (L-11) x (W-11) x (H-11) + 406.01
<
As the above length, width, and height are all expressed in
millimeter, the following calculation is done:
<
0=2E000337 x (216-11) x (166-11) x (127-11) + 406.01=3D1,648 cc
<
For females:
<
0=2E0004 x (L-11) x (W-11) x (H-11) + 206.60
<
Hence, the following calculation is done:
<
0=2E0004 x (216-11) x (166-11) x (127-11) + 206.60 =3D1,681 cc
<
Mean cranial capacity: (1648+1681) divided by 2 makes 1,665 cc.
<
As the gender of the "cranium" is unknown, only the mean figure is
considered here for convenience.
<
2=2E Spheroid Formula, given by Manjunath (2002b, ref. 3)
<
0=2E5238 x length x width x height(depth)=3D cranial capacity
<
Above length, width, and depth are measurements of the crania
cavity and expressed in centimeter.
<
Hence the calculation 0.5238x15.9x10.8x11.4=3D1,025 cc.
<
RESULTS
<
A=2E The estimated cranial capacity of the "calvarium" ranges from
1,025
cc to 1,665 cc as calculated in the above paragraph.
<
B=2E In thin sections 1 and 3, many fossilized red blood cells were
found (Figure 3). Some of them are round-shaped. Others are oval,
possibly because they have changed their round shape into oval shape
in order to pass through small capillaries.
<
C=2E In thin section 3, near the center is a small grain showing
fossilized dendrites of brain cells (figure 4) as well as the
above-mentioned red blood cells. In other spots in thin section 3,
there are also a few micro-structures looking like somas of
fossilized
brain cells (figure 4-6).
<
D=2E Specimen 1 is found to have at least five black areas. One black
area is ****ny black under ****d eyes and microscopes. Microscopic
pictures reveal that the ****ny black area contains carbonized blood
vessels and erythrocytes (Fig. 6-2).
<
DISCUSSIONS:
<
1=2E Is it a fossil?
<
My answer is yes. No rocks or plants contain so many fossilized red
blood cells (Fig. 3), some of which are still in blood vessels. They
are found in randomly-chosen, freshly-cut thin sections, not from
re-worked/contaminated tissues. Their colors are not artificially
stained.
<
2=2E Is it a calvarium fossil?
<
My answer is yes. No other animal organs or body parts have
inner/outer sizes and shapes similar to this fossil's shapes and
sizes
(Fig. 1). The existence of the degraded/fossilized dendrites and
somas
of brain cells in Fig. 4 points to a calvarium fossil that once
contained brain cells.
<
3=2E Is it a human calvarium fossil?
<
My answer is yes. Its cranial capacity of at least 1,025 cc is
surpassed only by cetaceans, walrus, elephants, and/or dinosaurs
(ref.
4). However, those four kinds of animal have no crania/organs that
match the subject fossil in cranial shape and size. As each order of
animal has a different shaped skull (ref. 5), the subject calvarium
can be easily identified to be a human calvarium fossil by forensic
experts on human skulls. One such expert is the late Mr. Wilton
Krogman, considered one of the author of the boo. He has physically
examined the calvarium fossil. His broad smile in the photo (fig. 1)
says to me that he confirmed it was a human calvarium fossil.
<
The calvarium fossil matches humans' cranial size, cranial capacity
and cranial shape in the following ways:
<
3-1 Cranial size (outer dimensions):
<
Neanderthal: 24.1cm (length) x 14.6 cm (width) x 17.8 cm (height)
(ref. 6)
<
Subject fossil: 21.6 cm (length) x 16.6 cm (width) x 12.7 cm (height)
<
3-2 Cranial capacity:
<
Neanderthal: 1,750 cc (ref. 7)
<
Modern Human: 1,350-1,400 cc (ref. 8)
<
Java man: 940 cc (Homo Erectus, Trinil 2, Pithecanthropus I, ref. 9)
<
Subject fossil: at least 1,025 cc (by Spheroid Formula)
<
By the Lee Pearson Formula, the subject fossil has a cranial capacity
of 1,665 cc. The vast difference between 1,665 cc and 1,025 cc may be
due to the following factors:
<
A=2E The width of the inner cavity is only 60% of the fossil's outer
width, as the fossil possibly retains fossilized brain matter on one
side of the inner cavity (See the bottom view of the fossil in Fig.
1);
<
B=2E The calvarium was broken in the facial part;
<
C=2E It has thick skull bones;
<
D=2E It could possibly have a 6-mm-thick coating of foreign substances
on its exterior;
<
3-3 Cranial shape:
<
Human: well-rounded cranium (ref. 10)
<
Java man: flat, very thick cranium (Homo Erectus, Trinil 2,
Pithecanthropus I) (Fig. 5 & ref. 9)
<
Subject fossil: More rounded than the above Java man (fig. 1 vs. fig.
5)
<
The above analysis shows the subject fossil matches human skull caps
in cranial size, capacity, and shape.
<
4=2E Is it a Carboniferous human calvarium fossil?
<
My judgment says yes.
<
For over 27 years, its owner has attested many times that all his
fossils were found between coal veins near Shenandoah and Mahanoy
City, Pennsylvania. That is in the anthracite region, the only one in
the U.S. proper. It's a most-studied geological area of the
Carboniferous age.
<
That is to say any animal fossil found there must have lived there in
the Carboniferous age. The owner's attestation is mirrored in
Specimen
1 and its remnant.
<
Under ****d eyes and microscopes, the specimen looks black and
****ny in some areas (Fig. 2-1).
<
Under the LED light of a digital microscope (ref. 11), the ****ny
black
area of Specimen 1 revealed its blood vessels that have carbonized
into coal (figure 6). The ****ny black color is a sign of vitrain-a
thin, bright, horizontal band in bituminous coal that usually breaks
with a conchoidal fracture. The fossil's black and ****ny look
suggests
its origin in a coal region.
<
Its owner has two other fossils that are also coalified. One such
fossil is a coalified axe handle (fig. 8). Another is a fossilized
human finger complete with skin tissue, finger nail, ligaments, and
the middle phalanx (figures 9, 9-1).
<
The finger shows signs of carbonization on the finger tip's palm side
(fig. 9-2).
<
If Mr. Conrad lied to the experts about the fossils' place of origin,
how could he vehemently accuse the experts (for 27 years!) of fooling
the general public in the interest of their own pocket books instead
of exposing the king's new clothes? After all, a layman would need
greater courage to cheat the experts than the experts would need
courage to cheat the laymen.
<
Before Mr. Conrad found the subject calvarium fossil, he had found
hundreds of "fossils" at the same place. Why would he discover it
anywhere else when hundreds more of such fossils are still exposed
out there, outcropping from the big boulders in the region (Figure
10). He seldom took pictures of them before removing them. Was
he a layman who took every picture of his findings before removing
them from a dark coal mine?
<
>From his physical, close contact with the "rocks", Mr. Conrad knew
better than anybody that his were not rocks. That's why he kept
insisting for 27 years that they were not rocks. They include
unimaginable organs such as human liver, fingers, *****es, testes,
kidneys, limb, etc. (fig. 7).
<
This fossil causes many questions to current theories about human
origins. If we avoid them, we are only fooling ourselves. If we face
them, they will bring us new horizon and new direction for human
civilization.
<
5=2E Are there evidences for human civilization in the Carboniferous
age?
<
Certainly. They are all shown in my albums (Figure 7).
<
The evidence for human civilization include: (1) a coalified axe
handle as well made as those sold on e-bay (the first four albums
in Fig. 7); (2) A manicured fingernail on a primate finger (Fig. 9,
Fig. 9-1); (3) A piece of limb cut flatly across soft flesh and hard
bone, as if with a sharp knife (Fig.11, Fig. 11-1); (4) Dinosaur
bones
preserved by formaldehyde-like chemicals in the Cretaceous age.
<
Dr. Mary H. Schweitzer re****ted, in an article by Mr. PZ Myers, that
she smelled of the odor of the chemical when she was cutting T-Rex
dinosaur bones in preparation for bio-chemical tests. (5)
Preservation
of individual soft organs down to the microscopic level for 300
million years. Soft organs such as liver, kidneys, testes, *****es
(Fig. 12) were all individually and separately preserved in a manner
comparable to today's embalming or plastination technique
<
6=2E Was there high-tech civilization in the Carboniferous age?
<
Certainly. Mankind took no more than eight thousand years to develop
from low-tech society to high-tech society. I have written about my
source and similar subjects in the talk. origins newsgroup.
<
7=2E FURTHER DISCUSSION -- Attempts to disprove myself
<
7-1 Couldn't it be a rock?
<
Mr. Conrad's fossils were dismissed as rocks mainly because they
were found in the Carboniferous strata, and no experts can explain
their existence. Experienced fossil handlers can recognize this is
not
an ordinary rock simply by looking at Fig. 1. In that figure, there
was a gentleman holding this object. At the bottom is its inner
cavity
covered with many small rings and dots. The bottom view of the object
also shows many black areas. These are unusual signs for a rock.
Besides my pictures, there are pictures by Mr. Andrew MacRae and Mr.
PZ Myers. The pictures (Figures 3-5, 3-6, 3-7) don't show an ordinary
rock.
<
Few rocks have a shape and size that fully matches human skull
interior and exterior. As described in my answer to question 3 above,
this object fully matches human skull caps. More than twenty of Mr.
Conrad's "rocks" (Fig. 7) contain degraded red blood cells.
<
Making no exception, the three thin sections that were cut from the
subject fossil show degraded mammalian red blood cells, dendrites and
somas of brain cells, blood vessels, etc. in natural condition.
<
Most of them are found where they should be. I have cut more than 20
thin sections from the "rocks" and taken more than 1,000 microscopic
pictures of the 20 fossils the owner has sent me.
<
Most of the jagged minerals found in the fossils are found trapped
in
organic tissues such as blood vessels. These fossilized blood vessels
could not have gone into rocks/minerals, and then begun the
fossilization process and still remained jointed in natural posture.
The minerals were there because they went into the blood vessels
through holes in the organic objects. The minerals were not found
in a continuous formation, but the organic tissues/organs were found
in a continuous formation, retaining their original outer shapes (of
finger, calvarium, handle, liver, etc.) and cell structures.
<
Except the coalified axe handle, all fossils are animal rather than
plant fossils. Plant fossils are characterized by regular radial wood
structures in their transverse sections. Animal fossils show extreme
complexity in transverse section without the regular radial pattern
of
wood tissues (rays, etc.). The subject fossils are too big to be
fungi
or bacteria. Few rocks, if there is any, have been found to contain
numerous fossilized red blood cells, blood vessels, or brain cell
dendrites. None of such rocks matches human skull caps in size and
shape.
<
On the Internet, there are two articles that include microscopic
pictures of thin sections cut from the owner's other "rocks". Those
pictures actually show the "rocks" contain fossilized collagen and
red
blood cells (Fig. 3-5, Fig. 3-6, Fig. 3-7), although no Haversian
canals are shown in the pictures. Many people have seen the pictures
but chose not to talk about the organics in the pictures.
<
7-2
<
Couldn't it be something other than a calvarium?
<
The subject fossil has a deep, wide inner cavity that roughly matches
the outer shape of the fossil. Its large size and distinct shape
cannot be found in any organs other than skulls.
<
It contains fossilized nerve cell dendrites and somas which are not
found in any organ except in brains. Only skulls contain brain cells.
The fossilized parts of brain cells could only have come from a
skull.
It is unlikely for brain cell parts to leave a skull, go into another
skull, get preserved and fossilized there in natural posture.
<
There is no reason to suspect this object was contaminated, since
dendrites of brain cells were found fossilized in a calvarium fossil,
just where they should be. No one has the right to dismiss it as a
rock or some unknown object after it was found to contain fossilized
mammalian red blood cells (Fig. 3), dendrites and somas of brain
cells
(Fig. 4).
<
7-3
<
Couldn't it be a non-human calvarium?
<
All crania have different, distinctive shapes among different orders
of animal (ref. 5). The fossil could only be that of mammals, because
it contained mammalian red blood cells. The erythrocytes in Fig. 3
are
uniquely mammalian, as they were biconcave for over50y percent of the
cell surfaces.
<
Non-mammalian vertebrates have erythrocytes that are oval and
biconvex. Only mammals have round and biconcave erythrocytes.
The author has compared the fossil with various skulls of mammals
and found only human skulls matched the fossil. No human skull
forensic experts could confidently dismiss it as a non-human skull
cap
fossil, as human skull caps have a unique shape among mammalian skull
caps and the No. 1 distinction of human skulls lies in their large
cranial capacity. No other animal has a skull that remotely matches
human skulls in their cranial capacity, shape and size.
<
7-4
Couldn't it be later than the Carboniferous age?
<
As stated in Section 7-1, Mr. Conrad's fossils were dismissed as
rocks
mainly because experts cannot explain why human fossils were found in
the Carboniferous strata. No one has really claimed that Mr. Conrad
lied about the place where the fossils were found-around his hometown
in the area of Shenandoah/Mahanoy City. Pennsylvania.
<
No one would believe that he found them in a foreign country or even
in another state when hundreds more of such fossils are still
outcropping there. Why would he lie about their place of origin when
he cared most about the "rocks'" being recognized as fossils? When
his
rocks have been demonstrated to be fossils, they mean he was right
all
along, including the fossils' place of origin.
<
Even if it were not from the Carboniferous age, it is still the
oldest
human skull cap in the world, as its blood vessels in the brain have
carbonized into ****ny bituminous coal/anthracite (Fig. 2-1, Figures
6-1 to Fig. 6-4). Bituminous coal is at least ten million years old
in
the U.S.A. No other human skull cap has ever been found to be so
old in the whole world.
<
CONCLUSION
<
The author has examined through microscopes more than 20 thin
sections cut from "rocks" that Mr. Ed Conrad discovered and sent
to the author.
<
Without exception, they are all found to be fossils, including the
subject "calvarium fossil". The object is a Carboniferous human
calvarium fossil for the following reasons:
<
(1) it contains numerous fossilized red blood cells in each thin
section that has been made from it; (2) it contains fossilized
dendrites and somas of brain cells; (3) No other animal, except
humans, has an organ or body part that matches its inner/outer shape
and size; (4) Its inner cavity has a capacity of at least 1,025 cc.;
(5) It was found between coal veins near Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania,
where geological structure has been dated to be around 300 million
years old.
<
The fossil's blood vessels have turned into coal, suggesting it once
existed in a coal region. Even if it did not come from the
Carboniferous age, the fact that it is fossilized and coalified would
still make it the oldest human skull cap ever found in the world.
<
In addition to the subject fossil, there are at least four other
pieces of evidence for human civilization in the Carboniferous age.
That's no surprise when mankind needs no more than eight thousand
years to develop from a low-tech society to a high-tech society.
<
FIGURES AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS
<
Figure 1: Photo provided by Mr. Ed Conrad, who discovered and owned
this and other "fossils" shown in the albums. The author did not
study
the CAT image or the white mask in the figure.
:http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?
i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634732&p=3D1
<
ADDITIONAL FIGURES
<
Fig. 1-1: list some of the "rocks" Mr. Conrad sent to the author. The
rocks have all been proven to be fossils in the respective albums.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/lin440315
<
Figure 2: shows Thin Section 1 at
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634667&p=
=3D1
<
ADDITIONAL FIGURES
<Fig. 2-1: shows Specimen 1 remnant URL:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634677&p=
=3D1
<
Fig. 2-2: shows Thin Section 2
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634704&p=
=3D11
<
Fig. 2-3: shows Thin Section 3. The thin section is made from small
grains that have gone loose from Specimen 1 during its trans****t by
post and handling by the author. Its URL is:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3Do1588634748.jp=
..=2E.
<
Figure 3: shows fossilized red blood cells. The photo also shows
fossilized dendrites of brain cells. Its URL is:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634728&p=
=3D0
<
Additional figures of fossilized red blood cells/blood vessels:
<
Figure 3-1: Fossilized red blood cells found in Thin Section 1.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634780&p=
=3D40
<
Figure 3-2: Coalified red blood cells found in remnant of Specimen 1.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634701&p=
=3D10
<
Figure 3-3: Fossilized red blood cells found in Thin Section 3.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3Do1588634723.jp=
..=2E.
<
Figure 3-4: shows fossilized blood vessels. URL:
<
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634777&p=
=3D38
<
Figure 3-5: shows many fossilized collagens in the microscopy by Mr.
Andrew MacRae.
<
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634687&p=
=3D1
<
Mr. MacRae used the microscopy to claim that Mr. Conrad's fossils are
nothing but rocks.
<
This picture and Mr. MacRae's article are also available at:
<
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/t_origins/carbbones/carbbones.html
(Article URL)
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/t_origins/carbbones/th96-001_ts3.jpeg
(Photo URL)
<
Fig. 3-6: shows fossilized collagen in another microscopy by Mr.
MacRae.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634688&p=
=3D2
<
The collagen was in a green circle drawn by Mr. MacRae himself. This
photo is also included in the above-mentioned article and available
on
the Internet at:
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/t_origins/carbbones/ts/ec96-001_ts...
<
Fig. 3-7: shows fossilized red blood cells in a microscopy by Mr. PZ
Myer.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634686&p=
=3D0
<
Mr. Myers used the above photo in his article to claim that Mr.
Conrad's fossils are just rocks since they don't contain Haversian
canals. The URL of the above-mentioned article and photo is:
<
http://pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/blast_from_the_past_a_vis...
<
Figure 4: Fossilized brain cell dendrites/red blood cells
photographed
with 40x object lens.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634726&p=
=3D3
<
ADDITIONAL FIGURES
<
Fig.4-1:http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?
i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634715&p=3D0
shows a diagram in a Wikipedia article on Purkinje cells
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkinje_cell).
In the diagram's bottom
left corner is a neuroglia cell with dendrites that resemble
fossilized dendrites of brain cells shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 4-2 , Fig.
4-3, Fig. 4-4.
<
Fig. 4-2: shows fossilized dendrites of brain cells photographed with
4x object lens.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634746&p=
=3D21
<
Fig. 4-3: shows above dendrites under 10x object lens
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634745&p=
=3D20
<
Fig. 4-4: shows part of above dendrites under 100X object lens.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634741&p=
=3D16
<
Fig. 4-5: shows axon terminal of a fossilized neuron.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634725&p=
=3D2
<
Fig. 4-6: features a fossilized soma of a brain cell.
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634808&p=
=3D72
<
Fig. 4-7: features various kinds of neurons in human brain in
<
Web Page at URL
http://faculty.wa****ngton.edu/chudler/gall1.html
<
Figure 5: shows skull cap of a Homo Erectus-the Java Man (Trinil 2,
Pithecanthropus I)
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634722&p=
=3D0
<
This photo came from an on-line article at URL:
www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/java.html
<
Figure 6:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634678&p=
=3D2
Photo shows remnant of Specimen 1. The black area in the remnant is
featured in Fig. 2-1, Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2.
<
Figure 6-1:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634689&p=
=3D0
This photo features the black, coalified area in the remnant of
Specimen 1. Under LED light, the dark black color in Figure 6 turned
into colorful, ****ny strings of blood vessels still containing
erythrocytes. This area is ****ny black under ****d eyes and
microscopes if viewed at a certain angle, such as in Fig.2-1
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634677&p=
=3D1).
This is a sign of vitrain found only in bituminous coal or
anthracite.
<
Figure 6-2:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D1588634698&p=
=3D7
shows coalified erythrocytes and blood vessels. The dark black
coalified blood vessel (at center) still contains dark black
coalified
erythrocytes.
<
Some big erythrocytes are below the center.
<
Figure 6-3:
http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=3Dlin440315&b=3D13&f=3D158++
<
Unfortunately, the remainder of this re****t does not appear because
of
space limitations to Web page's by the server in Taiwan.
<
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
<
A PLEA FOR CONSERVATION
Please keep all responses brief (four, five lines). We sure don't
want Internet Bandwidth to go the route of our clean air and water.
I thank you and Blue thanks you, too.
<=2E
http://mysite.verizon.net/edconrad/FOSSILS/EdConrad&Blue.jpg
<
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
<
THE WORLD'S MOST SUCCESSFUL THIEVES
Rank Home Age Amount Stolen in $ BILLION Residence
1 William Gates III United States 51 $56.0 United States
2 Warren Buffett United States 76 &52.0 United States
3 Carlos Slim Helu Mexico 67 &49.0 Mexico
4 Ingvar Kamprad & family Sweden 80 33.0 Switzerland
5 Lakshmi Mittal India 56 32.0 United Kingdom
6 Sheldon Adelson United States 73 26.5 United States
7 Bernard Arnault France 58 26.0 France
8 Amancio Ortega Spain 71 24.0 Spain
9 Li Ka-****ng Hong Kong 78 23.0 Hong Kong
10 David Thomson & family Canada 49 22.0 Canada
11 Lawrence Ellison United States 62 21.5 United States
12 Liliane Bettencourt France 84 20.7 France
13 Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud Saudi Arabia 50 20.3 Saudi
Arabia
14 Mukesh Ambani India 49 20.1 India
15 Karl Albrecht Germany 87 20.0 Germany
16 Roman Abramovich Russia 40 18.7 United Kingdom
17 Stefan Persson Sweden 59 18.4 Sweden
18 Anil Ambani India 47 18.2 India
19 Paul Allen United States 54 18.0 United States
20 Theo Albrecht Germany 84 17.5 Germany
21 Azim Premji India 61 17.1 India
22 Lee Shau Kee Hong Kong 79 17.0 Hong Kong
23 Jim Walton United States 59 16.8 United States
24 Christy Walton & family United States 52 16.7 United States
24 S Robson Walton United States 63 16.7 United States
26 Sergey Brin United States 33 16.6 United States
26 Larry Page United States 34 16.6 United States
26 Alice Walton United States 57 16.6 United States
29 Helen Walton United States 87 16.4 United States
30 Michael Dell United States 42 15.8 United States
31 Steven Ballmer United States 51 15.0 United States
31 Kirk Kerkorian United States 89 15.0 United States
31 Raymond, Thomas & Walter Kwok Hong Kong NA 15.0 Hong Kong
34 Francois Pinault France 70 14.5 France
35 Suleiman Kerimov Russia 41 14.4 Russia
36 Vladimir Lisin Russia 50 14.3 Russia
37 Jack Taylor & family United States 84 13.9 United States
38 Vladimir Potanin Russia 46 13.5 Russia
38 Mikhail Prokhorov Russia 41 13.5 Russia
40 Oleg Deripaska Russia 39 13.3 Russia
40 Michael Otto & family Germany 63 13.3 Germany
42 Carl Icahn United States 71 13.0 United States
42 Abigail Johnson United States 45 13.0 United States
44 Adolf Merckle Germany 72 12.8 Germany
45 Barbara Cox Anthony United States 83 12.6 United States
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45 Mikhail Fridman Russia 42 12.6 Russia
48 Vagit Alekperov Russia 56 12.4 Russia
49 Charles Koch United States 71 12.0 United States
49 David Koch United States 66 12.0 United States
51 Silvio Berlusconi & family Italy 70 11.8 Italy
52 Nasser Al-Kharafi & family Kuwait 63 11.5 Kuwait
52 Leonardo Del Vecchio Italy 71 11.5 Italy
54 Alexei Mordashov Russia 41 11.2 Russia
55 Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor & family United Kingdom 55 11.0
United Kingdom
55 Spiro Latsis & family Greece 60 11.0 Switzerland
55 Birgit Rausing & family Sweden 83 11.0 Switzerland
58 Forrest Mars Jr United States 75 10.5 United States
58 Jacqueline Mars United States 67 10.5 United States
58 John Mars United States 70 10.5 United States
61 Viktor Vekselberg Russia 49 10.4 Russia
62 Serge Dassault & family France 81 10.0 France
62 Charles Ergen United States 54 10.0 United States
62 Michele Ferrero & family Italy 80 10.0 Monaco
62 Naguib Sawiris Egypt 52 10.0 Egypt
62 Kushal Pal Singh India 75 10.0 India
62 Alain & Gerard Wertheimer France NA 10.0 NA
68 Susanne Klatten Germany 44 9.6 Germany
69 Philip Knight United States 69 9.5 United States
69 Sunil Mittal & family India 49 9.5 India
71 John Kluge United States 92 9.1 United States
71 Vladimir Yevtushenkov Russia 58 9.1 Russia
73 Rupert Murdoch United States 76 9.0 United States
73 Hans Rausing Sweden 81 9.0 United Kingdom
73 Reinhold W=FCrth Germany 71 9.0 Germany
76 Ernesto Bertarelli Switzerland 41 8.8 Switzerland
76 Pierre Omidyar United States 39 8.8 United States
78 Maria-Elisabeth & Georg Schaeffler Germany NA 8.7 Germany
79 Rafael del Pino & family Spain 86 8.6 Spain
80 Donald Bren United States 74 8.5 United States
80 George Kaiser United States 64 8.5 United States
80 George Soros United States 76 8.5 United States
83 Nikolai Tsvetkov Russia 46 8.4 Russia
83 August von Finck Germany 77 8.4 Switzerland
85 Dan Duncan United States 74 8.2 United States
86 Mohammed Al Amoudi Saudi Arabia 61 8.0 Saudi Arabia
86 Abdul Aziz Al Ghurair & family United Arab Emirates 53 8.0
United Arab Emirates
86 Kumar Birla India 39 8.0 India
86 German Khan Russia 45 8.0 Russia
86 Iskander Makhmudov Russia 43 8.0 Russia
86 Sumner Redstone United States 83 8.0 United States
86 Sha**** & Ravi Ruia India NA 8.0 India
93 Philip Anschutz United States 67 7.9 United States
93 Galen Weston & family Canada 66 7.9 Canada
95 Enrique Ba=F1uelos Spain 41 7.7 Spain
96 Stefan Quandt Germany 41 7.6 Germany
97 Maan Al-Sanea Saudi Arabia 52 7.5 Saudi Arabia
97 Edward Johnson III United States 76 7.5 United States
99 Sulaiman Al Rajhi Saudi Arabia 87 7.4 Saudi Arabia
100 Donald Newhouse United States 77 7.3 United States
100 Samuel Newhouse Jr United States 79 7.3 United States
102 Leonard Blavatnik United States 49 7.2 United States
102 Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken Netherlands 52 7.2 United
Kingdom
104 John Fredriksen Cyprus 62 7.0 United Kingdom
104 Philip & Cristina Green United Kingdom 55 7.0 Monaco
104 Stanley Ho Hong Kong 85 7.0 Hong Kong
104 Robert Kuok Malaysia 83 7.0 Hong Kong
104 Ronald Perelman United States 64 7.0 United States
104 Viktor Rashnikov Russia 58 7.0 Russia
104 Tsai Hong-tu & family Taiwan 54 7.0 Taiwan
111 Johanna Quandt Germany 80 6.7 Germany
112 Antonia Johnson Sweden 63 6.6 Sweden
113 Cheng Yu-tung Hong Kong 81 6.5 Hong Kong
114 Ramesh Chandra India 67 6.4 India
114 Curt Engelhorn Germany 80 6.4 Switzerland
116 Alexei Kuzmichov Russia 44 6.2 Russia
116 Eric Schmidt United States 51 6.2 United States
118 Ng Teng Fong Singa****e 78 6.1 Singa****e
119 Anacleto Angelini Chile 93 6.0 Chile
119 Eli Broad United States 73 6.0 United States
119 Gustavo Cisneros & family Venezuela 61 6.0 Venezuela
119 Erivan Haub & family Germany 74 6.0 Germany
119 Petr Kellner Czech Republic 42 6.0 Czech Republic
119 Ananda Krishnan Malaysia 68 6.0 Malaysia
119 Lorenzo Mendoza & family Venezuela 41 6.0 Venezuela
119 Hasso Plattner Germany 63 6.0 Germany
119 Joseph Safra Brazil 68 6.0 Brazil
128 Klaus-Michael K=FChne Germany 69 5.9 Switzerland
129 Micky Arison United States 57 5.8 United States
129 James, Arthur & John Irving Canada NA 5.8 Canada
129 Masayo**** Son Japan 49 5.8 Japan
132 Steven Jobs United States 52 5.7 United States
132 Karl-Heinz Kipp Germany 83 5.7 Switzerland
132 Akira Mori & family Japan 69 5.7 Japan
132 Dmitry Pumpyansky Russia 43 5.7 Russia
132 Julio Mario Santo Domingo Colombia 83 5.7 Colombia
137 Alexander Abramov Russia 48 5.6 Russia
137 Charles Johnson United States 74 5.6 United States
137 Esther Koplowitz Spain 56 5.6 Spain
137 Eliodoro Matte & family Chile 61 5.6 Chile
137 Pallonji Mistry India 77 5.6 India
142 Robert Bass United States 59 5.5 United States
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142 Terry Gou Taiwan 56 5.5 Taiwan
142 Vladimir Kim Kazakhstan 46 5.5 Kazakhstan
142 James Packer Australia 39 5.5 Australia
142 Madeleine Schickedanz Germany 63 5.5 Switzerland
142 Thomas Schmidheiny Switzerland 61 5.5 Switzerland
142 Alisher Usmanov Russia 53 5.5 Russia
150 Robert Rowling United States 53 5.4 United States
150 Roustam Tariko Russia 45 5.4 Russia
152 Leonid Fedun Russia 50 5.3 Russia
152 Bradley Hughes United States 73 5.3 United States
152 Michael Kadoorie & family Hong Kong 66 5.3 Hong Kong
155 John Menard Jr United States 67 5.2 United States
155 Charles Schwab United States 69 5.2 United States
157 YC Wang & family Taiwan 90 5.1 Taiwan
158 Alberto Bailleres Mexico 74 5.0 Mexico
158 Jean-Claude Decaux & family France 69 5.0 France
158 Alicia Koplowitz Spain 54 5.0 Spain
158 Ralph Lauren United States 67 5.0 United States
158 Nicky Oppenheimer & family South Africa 61 5.0 South Africa
158 Onsi Sawiris Egypt 77 5.0 Egypt
158 Samuel Zell United States 65 5.0 United States
165 Jorge Paulo Lemann Brazil 67 4.9 Brazil
165 Edward Rogers Canada 73 4.9 Canada
167 David Geffen United States 64 4.7 United States
167 Boris Ivanishvili Russia 51 4.7 Georgia
167 Nobutada Saji & family Japan 61 4.7 Japan
167 Luis Carlos Sarmiento Colombia 74 4.7 Colombia
167 Wee Cho Yaw Singa****e 78 4.7 Singa****e
172 Rupert Johnson Jr United States 65 4.6 United States
172 Frank Lowy & family Australia 76 4.6 Australia
172 Andrei Melnichenko Russia 35 4.6 Russia
172 Sergei Popov Russia 35 4.6 Russia
172 Ricardo Salinas Pliego Mexico 51 4.6 Mexico
177 Giorgio Armani Italy 72 4.5 Italy
177 Otto Beisheim Germany 83 4.5 Switzerland
177 Martin & Olivier Bouygues France 54/56 4.5 France
177 Lester Crown & family United States 81 4.5 United States
177 James Goodnight United States 64 4.5 United States
177 Herbert Kohler & family United States 68 4.5 United States
177 Edward Lampert United States 44 4.5 United States
177 Sean Quinn & family Ireland 60 4.5 Ireland
177 David & Simon Reuben United Kingdom NA 4.5 United Kingdom
177 James Sorenson United States 85 4.5 United States
177 Ty Warner United States 63 4.5 United States
188 Saleh Al Rajhi Saudi Arabia 95 4.4 Saudi Arabia
188 Jeffrey Bezos United States 43 4.4 United States
188 Kunio Busujima & family Japan 81 4.4 Japan
188 Henry Ross P***** United States 76 4.4 United States
188 Bernard (Barry) Sherman Canada 65 4.4 Canada
188 Stef Wertheimer & family Israel 81 4.4 Israel
194 Jeronimo Arango Mexico 81 4.3 Mexico
194 Shari Arison Israel 49 4.3 Israel
194 Hubert Burda Germany 67 4.3 Germany
194 Walter Haefner Switzerland 96 4.3 Switzerland
194 Simon Halabi United Kingdom 57 4.3 United Kingdom
194 Kwek Leng Beng & family Singa****e 66 4.3 Singa****e
194 Leonid Mikhelson Russia 51 4.3 Russia
194 Johann Rupert & family South Africa 56 4.3 South Africa
194 Michael & Rainer Schmidt-Ruthenbeck Germany NA 4.3 Germany
194 Hiroko Takei & family Japan NA 4.3 Japan
204 Robert Holding United States 80 4.2 United States
204 Lim Goh Tong & family Malaysia 89 4.2 Malaysia
204 Ronald McAulay Hong Kong 70 4.2 Hong Kong
204 David Murdock United States 83 4.2 United States
204 Jeffrey Skoll Canada 42 4.2 United States
204 Nina Wang Hong Kong NA 4.2 Hong Kong
210 Matthew Bucksbaum & family United States 81 4.1 United States
210 William Davidson United States 84 4.1 United States
210 Adi Godrej & family India 64 4.1 India
210 Lev Leviev Israel 51 4.1 Israel
214 Rinat Akhmetov Ukraine 40 4.0 Ukraine
214 Paul Desmarais Canada 80 4.0 Canada
214 Aloysio de Andrade Faria Brazil 86 4.0 Brazil
214 Michael Herz Germany 61 4.0 Germany
214 Wolfgang Herz Germany 56 4.0 Germany
214 ****v Nadar India 61 4.0 India
214 Richard Schulze United States 66 4.0 United States
214 Harold Simmons United States 75 4.0 United States
214 James Simons United States 69 4.0 United States
214 Andreas Str=FCngmann Germany 57 4.0 Germany
214 Thomas Str=FCngmann Germany 57 4.0 Germany
214 Yitzhak Tshuva Israel 58 4.0 Israel
226 Antonio Ermirio de Moraes & family Brazil 78 3.9 Brazil
226 Sammy Ofer & family Israel 85 3.9 Monaco
226 Nassef Sawiris Egypt NA 3.9 Egypt
226 Hiro**** Yamauchi Japan 79 3.9 Japan
230 Anil Agarwal India 53 3.8 United Kingdom
230 Richard Branson United Kingdom 56 3.8 UK
230 Frits Goldschmeding Netherlands 73 3.8 Netherlands
230 Stein Erik Hagen & family Norway 50 3.8 Norway
230 Eitaro Itoyama Japan 64 3.8 Japan
230 Jim Pattison Canada 78 3.8 Canada
230 Anton Schlecker Germany 62 3.8 Germany
237 Vladimir Bogdanov Russia 55 3.7 Russia
237 Alexander Lebedev Russia 47 3.7 Russia
237 Luis ****tillo Spain 45 3.7 Spain
237 Leonard Stern United States 68 3.7 United States
237 Joan Tisch United States 81 3.7 United States
237 Tada**** Yanai & family Japan 58 3.7 Japan
243 Pyotr Aven Russia 52 3.6 Russia
243 Charles Cadogan & family United Kingdom 70 3.6 UK
243 Bernard Ecclestone & family United Kingdom 76 3.6 UK
243 George Lucas United States 62 3.6 United States
243 Gordon Moore United States 78 3.6 United States
243 Stephan Schmidheiny Switzerland 59 3.6 Switzerland
249 Bjorgolfur Thor Bjorgolfsson Iceland 40 3.5 United Kingdom
249 Richard DeVos United States 81 3.5 United States
249 Kenneth Hendricks United States 65 3.5 United States
249 Hui Wing Mau Hong Kong 56 3.5 Hong Kong
249 Ray Hunt United States 64 3.5 United States
249 Manuel Jove Spain 65 3.5 Spain
249 Saleh Kamel Saudi Arabia 65 3.5 Saudi Arabia
249 Peter Kellogg United States 65 3.5 United States
249 Leonard Lauder United States 74 3.5 United States
249 Paul Milstein & family United States 84 3.5 United States
249 Reinhard Mohn & family Germany 85 3.5 Germany
249 Husnu Ozyegin Turkey 62 3.5 Turkey
249 Stephen Schwarzman United States 60 3.5 United States
249 Patrick Soon-****ong United States 55 3.5 United States
249 Karl Wlaschek Austria 89 3.5 Austria
264 Isak Andic Spain 52 3.4 Spain
264 Heidi Horten Austria 66 3.4 Austria
264 G=E9rard Louis-Dreyfus & family France 74 3.4 United States
264 Rosal=EDa Mera Spain 63 3.4 Spain
264 Melvin Simon United States 80 3.4 United States
264 Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi Thailand 62 3.4 Thailand
264 Stephen Wynn United States 65 3.4 United States
271 Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen Denmark 59 3.3 Denmark
271 Dmitry Rybolovlev Russia 40 3.3 Russia
273 William Cook United States 75 3.2 United States
273 Nicolas Hayek Switzerland 78 3.2 Switzerland
273 John Simplot & family United States 98 3.2 United States
273 Friede Springer Germany 64 3.2 Germany
273 Steven Udvar-Hazy United States 61 3.2 United States
273 Leslie Wexner United States 69 3.2 United States
279 Nadhmi Auchi United Kingdom 69 3.1 United Kingdom
279 Elena Baturina Russia 44 3.1 Russia
279 Khalid Bin Mahfouz & family Saudi Arabia 60 3.1 Saudi
Arabia
279 Edgar Bronfman Sr United States 77 3.1 United States
279 Albert Frere Belgium 81 3.1 Belgium
279 Dilip Shanghvi India 51 3.1 India
279 Michael Ying Hong Kong 57 3.1 Hong Kong
279 Chaleo Yoovidhya Thailand 75 3.1 Thailand
287 Abdulla Al Futtaim United Arab Emirates NA 3.0 United Arab
Emirates
287 David & Frederick Barclay United Kingdom NA 3.0 United
Kingdom
287 Lee Bass United States 50 3.0 United States
287 Sid Bass United States 64 3.0 United States
287 Clive Calder United Kingdom 60 3.0 Cayman Islands
287 Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone Italy 64 3.0 Italy
287 Steven Cohen United States 51 3.0 United States
287 Jes=FAs de Polanco Spain 77 3.0 Spain
287 Maurice Greenberg United States 81 3.0 United States
287 Otto Happel Germany 59 3.0 Switzerland
287 Henry Hillman United States 88 3.0 United States
287 Indu Jain* India 70 3.0 India
287 Bruce Kovner United States 61 3.0 United States
287 Ronald Lauder United States 63 3.0 United States
287 Fredrik Lundberg Sweden 55 3.0 Sweden
287 Dietrich Mateschitz Austria 62 3.0 Austria
287 Patrick McGovern United States 69 3.0 United States
287 Arnon Milchan Israel 62 3.0 Israel
287 Mario Moretti Polegato Italy 54 3.0 Italy
287 A Jerrold Perenchio United States 76 3.0 United States
287 Cyrus Poonawalla India 65 3.0 India
287 Stefan Sch=F6rghuber Germany 45 3.0 Germany
287 Steven Spielberg United States 60 3.0 United States
287 Teh Hong Piow Malaysia 77 3.0 Malaysia
287 Tsai Wan-Tsai & family Taiwan 77 3.0 Taiwan
287 Klaus Tschira Germany 66 3.0 Germany
287 Peter Woo & family Hong Kong 61 3.0 Hong Kong
314 Mikhail Goutseriev Russia 49 2.9 Russia
314 Martha Ingram & family United States 71 2.9 United States
314 Lee Kun-Hee South Korea 65 2.9 South Korea
314 Hiro**** Mikitani Japan 42 2.9 Japan
314 Robert Miller Canada 61 2.9 Canada
314 Quek Leng Chan Malaysia 66 2.9 Malaysia
314 Moise Safra Brazil 72 2.9 Brazil
314 Bruno Schroder & family United Kingdom 74 2.9 United
Kingdom
314 Donald Trump United States 60 2.9 United States
323 Pierre Bellon & family France 77 2.8 France
323 Carlo Benetton Italy 63 2.8 Italy
323 Gilberto Benetton Italy 65 2.8 Italy
323 Giuliana Benetton Italy 69 2.8 Italy
323 Luciano Benetton Italy 71 2.8 Italy
323 Barbara Piasecka Johnson United States 70 2.8 Monaco
323 Richard Kinder United States 63 2.8 United States
323 Victor Pinchuk Ukraine 46 2.8 Ukraine
323 Mitchell Rales United States 50 2.8 United States
323 Haim Saban United States 62 2.8 United States
323 Takemitsu Takizaki Japan 61 2.8 Japan
323 Dennis Wa****ngton United States 72 2.8 United States
323 Mortimer Zuckerman United States 69 2.8 United States
336 Juan Abell=F3 Spain 65 2.7 Spain
336 Riley Bechtel United States 55 2.7 United States
336 Stephen Bechtel Jr United States 81 2.7 United States
336 Charles Dolan & family United States 80 2.7 United States
336 David Gottesman United States 80 2.7 United States
336 Graeme Hart New Zealand 51 2.7 New Zealand
336 Amos Hostetter Jr United States 70 2.7 United States
336 Ann Walton Kroenke United States 57 2.7 United States
336 Hugo Mann & family Germany 93 2.7 Germany
336 Sergio Mantegazza Switzerland 79 2.7 Switzerland
336 Axel Oberwelland Germany 40 2.7 Germany
336 Steven Rales United States 55 2.7 United States
336 Kjell Inge Rokke Norway 48 2.7 Norway
349 Abdullah Al Rajhi Saudi Arabia NA 2.6 Saudi Arabia
349 Heinz Bauer Germany 67 2.6 Germany
349 Chen Din Hwa Hong Kong 84 2.6 Hong Kong
349 Heinz-Horst Deichmann Germany 80 2.6 Germany
349 John Dorrance III Ireland 63 2.6 Ireland
349 Gabriel Escarrer Spain 72 2.6 Spain
349 Masato**** Ito Japan 82 2.6 Japan
349 Henry Kravis United States 63 2.6 United States
349 Lee ****n Cheng Malaysia 67 2.6 Malaysia
349 Lui Che Woo Hong Kong 77 2.6 Hong Kong
349 Kalanithi Maran India 41 2.6 India
349 Wallace McCain Canada 77 2.6 Canada
349 George Mitchell United States 87 2.6 United States
349 Carl Pohlad United States 91 2.6 United States
349 Grandhi Rao India 57 2.6 India
349 George Roberts United States 63 2.6 United States
349 David Rockefeller Sr United States 91 2.6 United States
349 Clemmie Spangler Jr United States 74 2.6 United States
349 Henry Sy Philippines 82 2.6 Philippines
349 Jaime Zobel de Ayala & family Philippines 72 2.6
Philippines
369 Majid Al Futtaim United Arab Emirates NA 2.5 United Arab
Emirates
369 Khalaf Al Habtoor United Arab Emirates 57 2.5 United Arab
Emirates
369 Roland Arnall United States 68 2.5 United States
369 Edward Bass United States 62 2.5 United States
369 Ronald Burkle United States 54 2.5 United States
369 Ray Dolby United States 74 2.5 United States
369 Ennio Doris & family Italy 66 2.5 Italy
369 Wesley Edens United States 45 2.5 United States
369 David Filo United States 40 2.5 United States
369 Leona Mindy Rosenthal Helmsley United States 86 2.5 US
369 Joachim Herz Germany 64 2.5 Germany
369 Paul Tudor Jones II United States 53 2.5 United States
369 Min Kao United States 58 2.5 United States
369 Joseph Lewis United Kingdom 70 2.5 Bahamas
369 T Boone Pickens United States 78 2.5 United States
369 Richard Pratt Australia 72 2.5 Australia
369 Richard Rainwater United States 62 2.5 United States
369 Stephen Ross United States 66 2.5 United States
369 Evgeny (Eugene) Shvidler United States 42 2.5 United
Kingdom
369 Ronda Stryker United States 52 2.5 United States
369 John Whittaker United Kingdom 65 2.5 United Kingdom
390 Gianluigi & Rafaela Aponte Switzerland NA 2.4 Switzerland
390 Charles Bronfman Canada 75 2.4 Canada
390 Dhanin Chearavanont & family Thailand 67 2.4 Thailand
390 Yan Cheung China 49 2.4 Hong Kong
390 Alexander Frolov Russia 42 2.4 Russia
390 Victor Fung United States 62 2.4 Hong Kong
390 William Fung Hong Kong 59 2.4 Hong Kong
390 Filaret Galchev Russia 44 2.4 Russia
390 Savitri Jindal & family India 57 2.4 India
390 Mehmet Karamehmet Turkey 62 2.4 Turkey
390 Liu Ming Chung Brazil 44 2.4 Hong Kong
390 Alfred Mann United States 81 2.4 United States
390 James Moran United States 88 2.4 United States
390 Hermann Schnabel Germany 85 2.4 Germany
390 Frederick Smith United States 62 2.4 United States
390 John Sobrato United States 67 2.4 United States
390 Tulsi Tanti India 49 2.4 India
407 Peter Briger Jr United States 43 2.3 United States
407 Subhash Chandra India 56 2.3 India
407 Mark Cuban United States 48 2.3 United States
407 Belmiro de Azevedo ****tugal 69 2.3 ****tugal
407 Luis del Rivero Spain 58 2.3 Spain
407 Yo****aka Fukuda Japan 59 2.3 Japan
407 Gordon Getty United States 74 2.3 United States
407 Saad Hariri Saudi Arabia 36 2.3 Saudi Arabia
407 G=FCnter Herz Germany 66 2.3 Germany
407 Nancy Walton Laurie United States 55 2.3 United States
407 Jos=E9 Manuel Loureda Spain 67 2.3 Spain
407 Mary Alice Dorrance Malone United States 57 2.3 United States
407 Najib Mikati Lebanon 51 2.3 Lebanon
407 Taha Mikati Lebanon NA 2.3 Lebanon
407 Michael Novogratz United States 42 2.3 United States
407 Stefano Pessina Italy 65 2.3 Monaco
407 Didier Primat France 62 2.3 Switzerland
407 Thomas Pritzker United States 56 2.3 United States
407 J Joseph Ricketts & family United States 65 2.3 United States
407 Michal Solowow Poland 44 2.3 Poland
407 Lucio Tan Philippines 72 2.3 Philippines
407 Glen Taylor United States 65 2.3 United States
407 Olav Thon Norway 83 2.3 Norway
407 Harry Triguboff Australia 74 2.3 Australia
407 Wong Kwong Yu China 37 2.3 China
432 John Abele United States 70 2.2 United States
432 Emilio Bot=EDn Spain 72 2.2 Spain
432 Charles Butt & family United States 69 2.2 United States
432 John Caudwell United Kingdom 54 2.2 United Kingdom
432 Chung Mong-Koo South Korea 69 2.2 South Korea
432 John de Mol Netherlands 52 2.2 Netherlands
432 Bennett Dorrance United States 58 2.2 United States
432 Philippe Foriel-Destezet France 71 2.2 United Kingdom
432 Donald Gordon South Africa 76 2.2 United Kingdom
432 Bahaa Hariri Switzerland 40 2.2 Switzerland
432 Daniela Herz Germany 53 2.2 Germany
432 Jess Jackson United States 77 2.2 United States
432 Uday Kotak India 48 2.2 India
432 Marc Ladreit de Lacharri=E8re France 66 2.2 France
432 Bernard Marcus United States 77 2.2 United States
432 Richard Marriott United States 68 2.2 United States
432 Henry Nicholas III United States 47 2.2 United States
432 Kazuo Okada & family Japan 64 2.2 Japan
432 Roger Penske United States 70 2.2 United States
432 Ernest Rady United States 69 2.2 United States
432 David Sainsbury United Kingdom 66 2.2 United Kingdom
432 John Sall United States 57 2.2 United States
432 **** Zhengrong Australia 44 2.2 China
432 Marcel Herrmann Telles Brazil 57 2.2 Brazil
432 Jerry Yang United States 38 2.2 United States
432 Larry Yung China 65 2.2 Hong Kong
458 Emilio Azcarraga Jean Mexico 39 2.1 Mexico
458 Vincent Bollore France 54 2.1 France
458 Franklin Booth Jr United States 83 2.1 United States
458 John Calamos & family United States 66 2.1 United States
458 William Randolph Hearst III United States 57 2.1 United
States
458 H Wayne Huizenga United States 69 2.1 United States
458 Fukuzo Iwasaki Japan 82 2.1 Japan
458 Baba Kalyani India 58 2.1 India
458 Omid Kordestani United States 43 2.1 United States
458 E Stanley Kroenke United States 59 2.1 United States
458 Timur Kulibaev Kazakhstan 40 2.1 Kazakhstan
458 Dinara Kulibaeva Kazakhstan 39 2.1 Kazakhstan
458 Barry Lam Taiwan 57 2.1 Taiwan
458 Joseph Lau Hong Kong 55 2.1 Hong Kong
458 Li Sze Lim Hong Kong 50 2.1 China
458 Carl Lindner Jr & family United States 87 2.1 United States
458 John Marriott Jr United States 75 2.1 United States
458 Craig McCaw United States 57 2.1 United States
458 Alain Merieux & family France 69 2.1 France
458 Michael Milken United States 60 2.1 United States
458 Penny Pritzker United States 47 2.1 United States
458 Erol Sabanci Turkey 69 2.1 Turkey
458 Sevket Sabanci Turkey 71 2.1 Turkey
458 Henry Samueli United States 52 2.1 United States
458 T Denny Sanford United States 71 2.1 United States
458 Jon Stryker United States 48 2.1 United States
458 Wilma Tisch & family United States 79 2.1 United States
458 Eugen Viehof & family Germany 90 2.1 Germany
458 Zhang Li China 53 2.1 China
458 Igor Zyuzin Russia 46 2.1 Russia
488 Herbert Allen Jr United States 67 2.0 United States
488 Vassily Anisimov Russia 55 2.0 Russia
488 Leonore Annenberg United States 89 2.0 United States
488 Maria Asuncion Aramburuzabala & family Mexico 43 2.0 Mexico
488 Michael Ashley United Kingdom 47 2.0 United Kingdom
488 Leon Black United States 56 2.0 United States
488 Charles Brandes United States 64 2.0 United States
488 Christopher Chandler New Zealand NA 2.0 New Zealand
488 Richard Chandler New Zealand 49 2.0 New Zealand
488 Phoebe Hearst Cooke United States 80 2.0 United States
488 Mark Coombs United Kingdom 46 2.0 United Kingdom
488 Leszek Czarnecki Poland 45 2.0 Poland
488 Jim Davis & family United States 63 2.0 United States
488 Edward Debartolo Jr United States 60 2.0 United States
488 Stanley Druckenmiller United States 54 2.0 United States
488 Barbara Carlson Gage & family United States 64 2.0 United
States
488 Malcolm Glazer & family United States 78 2.0 United States
488 Tom Gores United States 42 2.0 United States
488 Vitaliy Hayduk Ukraine 49 2.0 Ukraine
488 Austin Hearst United States 54 2.0 United States
488 David Hearst Jr United States 61 2.0 United States
488 George Hearst Jr United States 79 2.0 United States
488 Roberto Hernandez Ramirez Mexico 65 2.0 Mexico
488 James Kim & family United States 71 2.0 United States
488 Vincent Lo Hong Kong 58 2.0 Hong Kong
488 Margaret Magerko United States 41 2.0 United States
488 John Malone United States 66 2.0 United States
488 Clayton Mathile United States 66 2.0 United States
488 Marilyn Carlson Nelson & family United States 67 2.0 US
488 Rubens Ometto Silveira Mello Brazil NA 2.0 Brazil
488 Liselott Persson Sweden NA 2.0 Sweden
488 Anthony Pritzker United States 46 2.0 United States
488 Daniel Pritzker United States 48 2.0 United States
488 James Pritzker United States 55 2.0 United States
488 Jay Robert (JB) Pritzker United States 42 2.0 United States
488 Jean (Gigi) Pritzker United States 45 2.0 United States
488 John Pritzker United States 54 2.0 United States
488 Karen Pritzker United States 49 2.0 United States
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